Excel subtraction formula

There is no SUBTRACT function, which is why this gets searched. Get the right formula for cell minus cell, column minus a fixed cell, or a running remainder.

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The formula
=B2-C2

Click the cell where you want the answer, type that, and press Enter. There is no SUBTRACT function in Excel or Google Sheets: subtraction is the minus operator.

How to do it
  1. 1Click the cell where the result should go.
  2. 2Type = then click the cell you are subtracting FROM.
  3. 3Type - then click the cell you are subtracting, and press Enter.
  4. 4To fill it down a column, lock any fixed cell with dollar signs, like =B2-$F$1.
Your formula=B2-C2
Fill down against a fixed cell=B2-$F$1The dollar signs stop the fixed cell moving as the formula fills down. Without them row 3 subtracts F2, row 4 subtracts F3, and the numbers drift silently.
Subtract a total from a sum=SUM(B2:B100)-SUM(C2:C100)
Never negative=MAX(0, B2-C2)Useful for remaining-quantity columns where a negative is meaningless rather than informative.
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How this is calculated

Subtraction is the minus operator, not a function: =B2-C2. There is no SUBTRACT in Excel or Google Sheets, which is exactly why this is searched so often. To subtract one total from another, subtract two SUMs.

Frequently asked
Is there a SUBTRACT function?

No. Excel and Google Sheets both use the minus operator. SUM exists because adding many cells needs a range; subtraction is nearly always two values, so it never got a function. If you want it as a function, =SUM(B2,-C2) is the equivalent.

Why does my subtraction show #VALUE!?

One of the cells contains text, including a space that looks empty. Wrap the cells in N() or clean the column. Note that SUM ignores text while the minus operator errors on it, which is why =SUM() over the same cells appears to work.

How do I subtract a percentage?

Multiply rather than subtract: to take 15 percent off, use =B2*(1-0.15) or =B2*0.85. Writing =B2-15% subtracts the number 0.15, not fifteen percent of the value, and it is a common and expensive mistake.

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